Daniel H Erskine Attorney and Solicitor NY CT Publications

This article explores the calculated use of legal mechanisms to impact national politics and the effect such utilization had on accomplishing deliberate political reform. In answering why political actors use legal procedures as political weapons and whether such use is effective, this paper analyzes two historical examples to illustrate that law as political weapon is extremely successful in accomplishing political change. In the early 1800's, England's King sought to defrock his politically radical heroine Queen Caroline through the parliamentary mechanism of a Bill of Pains and Penalties, which caused a flourish of public criticism and call for political revolution. Public reaction to the legal mechanisms utilized by King resulted in accomplishing the King's goal of quelling revolutionary zeal as well as subsequently radically reforming English parliamentary politics. In a similar vein, the U.S. Congress in 1998 utilized the legal mechanisms of impeachment to unseat President William Jefferson Clinton. Impeachment of President Clinton served the Republican Congress' political interests and resulted in the Republicans obtaining great electoral success. Ultimately, discussion of these two historical epochs advocates future use of legal procedures as political weapons in only certain limited circumstances. Cited Max Planck Encyclopedia of Comparative Constitutional Law, Impeachment (Oxford University Press 2016, 2017) (available at Impeachment) How Long Is History's Shadow?, 127 Yale L.J. 880-934, 917 n. 142 (2018) (Book Review) The Queen's Case, (2009) ALJ 669, 675 n.49 (The Australian Law Journal).

This article describes the methods utilized by the United States Supreme Court to resolve specific cases involving conflicts between federal constitutional rights, a federal constitutional right and a state constitutional or statutory right, and an international treaty right and a federal constitutional right. Consideration of particular decisions representative of the manner the Court resolves conflicts between rights in the three typologies described above, illustrates how the Court views such conflicts and the rationales employed to resolve apparent conflicting rights. The rationales used by the United States Supreme Court are compared to the South African Constitutional Court's decisions in the Soobramoney, Grootboom, and South African Broadcasting Corp. Ltd. cases. By comparing the reasoning utilized by both courts, this article illustrates distinct judicial methods applied to rationally resolve conflicts between significant individual rights. The comparison serves to permit presentation of a universal method to resolve conflicting fundamental rights for judicial authorities to use across the broad array of legal situations in which conflicts between significant rights occurs. Cited Journalism: New Trends And Its Impact On Right To Privacy. Comparative Analysis With Special Reference To India, The Age of Human Rights Journal, 10 (June 2018) pp. 64-84, p. 74 nn. 40, 41 When Human Rights Clash at the European Court of Human Rights: Conflict or Harmony?, Introduction p. 8 n. 40 (2017) (Oxford University Press) Human dignity and fundamental rights in South Africa and Ireland pp. 283, 350, 351, 363, 364, 366, 543, 584 (2014) (Pretoria University Law Press) Transformative constitutionalism:Comparing the apex courts of Brazil, India and South Africa, Preliminary notes on transformative constitutionalism pp. 44 n. 57 (2013) (Pretoria University Law Press).

Federal procedure has embraced the referral of civil cases outside the court system to alternative dispute resolution. This article argues that by utilizing courts to settle cases through civil procedure, courts realize their central role in ensuring the quality of settlements produced through the judicial administration of justice. The purpose of this article is to provide litigants an optional procedure to expeditiously resolve federal personal injury cases. The system proposed in this article incorporates Scottish and Irish civil procedural reforms into a coherent method for judicial officers to declare the settlement value of a personal injury action without referring the case to alternative dispute resolution. Cited Damages and Compensation Culture: Comparative Perspectives, Identifying and Calculating Personal Injury Damages in Ireland, Italy, France and Belgium: Recent Debates between Scholars, Judges and Practitioners p. 119, n. 30 Personal Injuries Assessment Board: A Decade of Delivery? p. 154, n. 57 p. 178, n. 189 (Hart/Bloomsbury Publishing 2016) Personal Injury Reform: Eight Years On [2012] COLR 65 nn. 15-20, 62 (University College Cork, Ireland Online Law Review) Defense Counsel Journal, Volume 74, p. 398 (2007).

The article addresses a current WTO dispute between the United States and the European Communities on selected customs matters. The article discusses the necessity for a uniform WTO agreement on trade facilitation, as well as analyzes the apparent inconsistency between the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) Article X’s mandate for WTO Members to uniformly, impartially, and reasonably administer municipal customs laws and Article XXIV’s allowance of individual members of a customs union to substantially apply common commercial regulations and laws in relation to non-members of the customs union. The article concludes that an agreement between WTO Members on the understanding of the relationship between the obligations of Article X and Article XXIV and the conclusion of a bilateral treaty between the United States and EC concerning harmonization of customs procedures and classification is the solution to the problem presented. Cited The WTO Case Law of 2006-7 pp. 39, 42 (2009) (Cambridge University Press) Investment Law within International Law Integrationist Perspectives chapter 13, 313 n. 69 (2013) (Cambridge University Press) Uniformity of Customs Administration in the European Union p. 50 n. 69, 309 (2015) (Hart/Bloomsbury Publishing) Equity and Equitable Principles in the World Trade Organization: Addressing Conflicts and Overlaps Between the WTO and Other Regimes p. 265 (2016) (Routledge) Dissent as Dialectic: Horizontal and Vertical Disagreement in WTO Dispute Settlement, 48 STAN. J. INT'L. L. 1, 24 n. 85 (2012) Seeing like the WTO: Numbers, Frames and Trade Law, New Political Economy, Vol. 17, No. 1 (February 2012) pp. 77-96 n.8 (reprinted in Seeing Like An International Organization (Routledge 2014)) Pechota Bibliography on Arbitration - 2nd Edition ch. 22 (2011) The Caribbean Intellectual Property Office (CARIPO): New Useful, and Necessary, MICH. ST. J. INT'L L. 551-588, 566 n. 66(2011) Note: Gently Modified Operations: How Environmental Concerns Addressed through Customs Procedures Can Successfully Resolve the US-EU GMO Dispute, 33 WM. & MARY ENVTL. L. & POL’Y REV. 971, 995 n. 204 (2009) Trade facilitation: A Modern Multilateral Trading System, pp. 79 n. 147, 155 n. 333, 335, 336, 157 n. 340, 342, 343, 344, 158 n. 345, 346, 277 (2015) (Non-English).

Recently, ABC News broadcast the deliberations of several juries in capital murder cases into the living rooms of the American public. The latest judicial opinion to confront the problem of televising jury room deliberations in a capital criminal case took place in the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals. The article surveys the applicable federal constitutional and statutory law, as well as state jurisprudence, relevant to the intrusion of television cameras into the jury room. Additionally, this article discusses recent Scottish and European case law addressing jury deliberation as a violation of the European Convention on Human Rights. Cited United States Code Annotated (Constitution Article III, Section 2, Clause 3) 6th Edition of the American Law Reports the 2008 Edition of American Jurisprudence 2d Thirty-Ninth Selected Bibliography on Computers, Technology, and the Law, 33 Rutgers Computer & Tech. L.J. 367, 377 (2007) Motions for Restrictions on Press, in Business Crime,1-2 Business Crime P 37.05 n.24 (2012) Entertainment Law Reporter, Volume 28, Number 6 (November 2006) E-governance and Civic Engagement: Factors and Determinants of E-democracy, Courts On Screen: E-Government and the Increase of Judicial Transparency pp. 112-126, p. 113, 123 (2012) Journalism: New Trends And Its Impact On Right To Privacy. Comparative Analysis With Special Reference To India, The Age of Human Rights Journal, 10 (June 2018) pp. 64-84, p. 74, nn. 40-41.

The WTO’s Dispute Settlement Body grew out of decades of experience and the frustrations of sovereign nations regarding the method of settling international conflicts between states over tariff and trade issues. This article discusses the historical development of the WTO’s dispute resolution system. The first section analyzes a number of agreements and proposals entered into and put forward during the period from 1947 through 1990. The second section addresses the instrument which inaugurates the WTO’s current dispute settlement procedure and further describes a number of submissions by nations for improvements to the mechanism. Cited The Perils of Economic Nationalism and a Proposed Pathway to Trade Harmony, 30 Stan. L. & Pol'y Rev 115, 166 n. 339 (2019) Transcending Territoriality: International Cooperation And Harmonization In Intellectual Property Enforcement & Dispute Resolution, 2018 TSINGHUA CHINA LAW REVIEW 225, 241, n.65 (vol. 10:2 2018) The Settlement of Trade Disputes, Is There a Monopoly for the WTO?, The Law & Practice of International Courts and Tribunals 207-248 (vol. 15, no. 2, 2016) Thinking Outside the (Tax) Treaty, 2012 WIS. L. REV. 717, 763 n. 213 (2012) The WTO and the Environment: Development of Competence Beyond Trade 13 n. 12, 24 n. 67 (2012) (Routledge)TRIPS and Developing Countries: Towards a New IP World Order?, chapter entitled Adjudicating TRIPS for Development p. 155 n. 69 (2014) Analysis About the WTO Dispute Settlement System: An Overview Juridical Formal, Lex Jurnalica Volume 11, Number 2, 157, 169 (August 2014) (non-English).

Satellite radio may be becoming increasingly popular, but there is a little known drawback to the technology: it interferes with many existing wireless networks in place, such as cellular telephone service. This article looks at the legal implications that this interference causes and what kind of liability satellite operators like Sirius and XM Radio may face. Erskine includes a detailed description of how satellite radio operates and in turn describes how this operation causes the disruption. He then moves into a discussion of the current law surrounding the technology and different theories of liability, including tort theories. His approach is straightforward and applies this legal analysis to the actual technology being employed today. Cited Dispute settlement in the area of space communication, in Satellite telecommunications and American tort law 161 - 174 (2015) (Hart/Nomos) Comment, Raised Eyebrows over Satellite Radio: Has Pacifica Met Its Match?, 34 PEPP. L. REV. 743, 748 n. 23 (2005) Satellite Radio: An Innovative Technology's Path through the FCC and into the Future, 25 J. NAALJ 223, 228 nn.27-32, 232 n.57, 233 n. 64, 234 nn.66-68 (2005) (Journal of The National Association of Administrative Law Judges).

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